SKIN BLEMISH AND ABNORMALITIES

EXPLANATION OF SKIN BLEMISHES AND ABNORMALITIES

1. Skin Blemishes and Abnormalities

• Definition: Imperfections in the skin that may arise from pigmentation issues, blocked pores, or structural damage.
• Causes: Hormonal changes, sun exposure, genetic predisposition, infections, and trauma.

2. Disorders of Pigmentation

1. Melanoderma
   • Appearance: Dark patches due to excess melanin production.
   • Causes: Sun exposure, hormonal changes, certain medications.
2. Freckles (Ephelides)
   • Appearance: Small, flat brown spots on sun-exposed areas.
   • Causes: Genetic predisposition and UV exposure.
3. Chloasma (Melasma)
   • Appearance: Irregular dark patches on the face.
   • Causes: Hormonal changes during pregnancy, sun exposure.
   • .
4. Vitiligo (Leucodermal)
   • Appearance: White patches due to loss of pigment-producing cells.
   • Causes: Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes.
5. Albinism
   • Appearance: Lack of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes.
   • Causes: Genetic mutation affecting melanin production.
   •  

3. Skin Blockages

1. Blocked Pores
   • Appearance: Enlarged or clogged openings on the skin.
   • Causes: Excess sebum, dead skin cells, and makeup.
2. Sebaceous Cyst (Steatoma or Wen)
   • Appearance: Small, painless lumps under the skin.
   • Causes: Blocked sebaceous glands.
   •  
3. Comedones (Blackheads)
   • Appearance: Open clogged pores with darkened tips.
   • Causes: Oxidation of trapped sebum and debris.
   •  
4. Milia (Whiteheads)
   • Appearance: Small, white, hard bumps.
   • Causes: Keratin trapped beneath the skin.
   •  

4. Other Skin Issues

1. Miliaria Rubra (Prickly Heat)
   • Appearance: Red rash with tiny, itchy bumps.
   • Causes: Blocked sweat ducts.
   •  
2. Haemangioma
   • Appearance: Benign growths of blood vessels.
   • Causes: Congenital or acquired factors.
   • Treatment: Laser therapy or surgery.
   •  
3. Dilated Capillaries and Spider Naevus
   • Appearance: Visible red or purple capillaries on the skin.
   • Causes: Aging, sun damage, or hormonal changes.
   • Treatment: Vitamin K and laser therapy.
   •  
4. Port Wine Stain
   • Appearance: Large, flat, dark red birthmarks.
   • Causes: Malformation of capillaries.
   •  
5. Tumors of the Skin
   • Benign Tumors: Moles (pigmented growths), lipomas.
   • Malignant Tumors: Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma.
6. Scars
   • Appearance: Raised, flat, or sunken areas after injury. or dermabrasion.